Violence in Buffy the Vampire Slayer

It's hard to address spiritual or moral issues in Buffy without also addressing the question of violence.

Stripped for a second of supernatural issues, Buffy Summers falls into the profile of a superhero, such as Superman or Batman, who finds the bad guys and makes sure that they get dealt with.

However, the classic superhero generally takes care of the bad guys by turning them over to the law. That is problematic in Buffy, because there is no law to deal with vampires or demons, and because, even in Sunnydale, the law is not capable of dealing with the supernatural. There is never any serious suggestion of turning to the law; Buffy's mission is to fight evil, and kill it. Is Buffy a vigilante?

Photo: Buffy in her fight with the Master

Perhaps even that wouldn't be so difficult to accept, if one could always be sure that only the evil undead would be killed. However, problems and ambiguities abound:

  • Not all undead are evil. Some actively work for good.
  • All but the most ancient of vampires appear to be human, except when they are feeding or enraged. Indeed, as the series progresses, we also meet demons who can pass as human.
  • Like people, vampires and demons may be morally complex and ambiguous. Angel is the first such character we meet; he is still evil, but because of his curse, he cannot act on it. More of these complex characters develop as the series progresses, and none is more ambiguous than the vampire Spike.
  • Buffy must sometimes decide not to kill a vampire or demon, even when she knows it is fully evil. So the standard of when to kill or not kill is no longer straightforward.
  • Sometimes humans join forces with evil. How should these people be dealt with?
  • Even under the best circumstances, the Slayer works outside the law. When the battle with evil claims a human life, Buffy cannot turn to the law for justice or protection.

The issue of violence magnifies the problems that Buffy faces in life. It is not merely that she must put her life on the line. She also risks her soul, through hardening against the continuing violence, or through the very real possibility of killing an innocent. She may risk arrest and imprisonment for fulfilling her sacred obligations as the Slayer.

How was Buffy "chosen" for this task? This is never really made clear, except to the extent that her calling is itself supernatural. It is hinted that she may even be part-demon herself. However, she would have remained unaware of her calling without her Watcher, and the Watchers Council, apparently, does have the means to locate a newly chosen Slayer.

It is the Watcher's job to train the Slayer, and provide her with guidance in locating, identifying, and killing all manner of evil. Giles, as Buffy's Watcher, has an enormous library of demonology and witchcraft. Most of the texts, prophecies, and spells are in Latin, giving the whole business an air of ancient heresies to be fought, and casting the Slayer as a sort of post-modern inquisitor, making the world safe against evil.

It is precisely this air of fighting against heresy and bloodsucking demons that allows Buffy to get away with murder. Indeed, the idea of a "slayer" does exist in Balkan vampire mythology, and the killing of a vampire—in vampire lore, at least—has always been a harmless thing.

The Watchers Council, such as it is, provides the thin line the separates Buffy from vigilantism. Even the Watchers Council is subject to corruption, though, and as we see in Season 3, the city government of Sunnydale is corrupted by demons and vampires as well.

In the Buffyverse, nothing is ever simple, and everything eventually has consequences. Even slaying, as Buffy learns time and again.

Next: Force, Coercion, Violence, and Abuse